Tackling Cervical Cancer: HPV Vaccination and Regular Checkups

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health challenge in India, impacting women across a wide range of age groups and socio-economic backgrounds. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), India accounts for nearly one-fourth of the global cervical cancer deaths. That’s a staggering number for a disease that is largely preventable through timely HPV vaccination and regular checkups.

So, what is India doing to fight this growing concern? And why should every woman, and parent, pay attention? Let’s break it down.

What Makes Cervical Cancer So Dangerous?

Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, the narrow passage that connects the uterus to the vagina. It is almost always caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), over 120,000 new cervical cancer cases are reported in India annually, and about 77,000 women die from it every year.

The biggest issue? The early stages are usually asymptomatic, which makes regular checkups critical for timely diagnosis and treatment.

HPV Vaccination: A Turning Point in India’s Public Health Strategy

The HPV vaccine helps prevent infection from high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus, which are the leading cause of cervical cancer. Ideally, the vaccine should be administered before an individual becomes sexually active, usually between the ages of 9 and 14.

India’s Big Leap with Cervavac

In 2023, India introduced Cervavac, its first locally developed HPV vaccine, signaling a major milestone in the fight against cervical cancer. Developed by the Serum Institute of India, this vaccine is not only effective but also affordable, making it accessible to a broader population.

Here’s what the Indian government is doing:

• Mass HPV vaccination drives targeting girls aged 9–14

• India Integrates HPV Vaccines into Its Universal Immunization Programme to Combat Cervical Cancer

• Awareness campaigns to improve acceptance and coverage

According to the WHO, HPV vaccination can prevent up to 70% of cervical cancer cases, making it one of the most effective tools in cancer prevention.

If you're a parent, it's important to check with your healthcare provider to know when and where your child can get vaccinated.

The Role of Regular Checkups in Early Detection

When it comes to preventing cervical cancer, early detection is everything. Unlike many other cancers, cervical cancer develops slowly and can often be identified in its precancerous stage, making it one of the most preventable forms of cancer today. Preventing cervical cancer largely depends on maintaining regular health checkups and undergoing timely screening to catch abnormalities early. Two primary screening methods are commonly used to detect cervical abnormalities:

Pap Smear Test

The Pap smear, a simple and painless procedure, helps detect abnormal or precancerous changes in cervical cells. If not treated, these cellular changes can slowly progress and eventually lead to cervical cancer. By identifying these cellular abnormalities early, doctors can intervene well before cancer develops. Experts recommend starting Pap tests at age 25 and continuing every three years if results are normal.

HPV DNA Test

The HPV DNA test goes a step further by identifying the presence of high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer. This test is especially important because HPV infections often show no symptoms, yet they can silently cause changes in cervical cells. The HPV test is generally recommended every five years for women aged 30 and above, either alone or in combination with a Pap smear (co-testing).

Regular checkups also give healthcare providers a chance to educate women about their reproductive health, track changes over time, and suggest follow-up care when needed.

When Should Women Get Screened?

Regular screening is one of the most reliable and effective methods for preventing cervical cancer through early detection and timely treatment. Since early-stage cervical cancer often shows no symptoms, regular screenings are essential for early detection and successful treatment. Health experts recommend that women aged 25 to 65 make cervical cancer screening a routine part of their healthcare. The standard options include:

• A Pap smear test every three years – This test checks for precancerous or abnormal cells on the cervix that may lead to cancer if untreated.

• An HPV test conducted every five years can detect high-risk virus strains that significantly increase the risk of cervical cancer.

• Co-testing (Pap + HPV test) every five years – This combination offers a more comprehensive screening approach and is often recommended by gynecologists for women within the appropriate age range.

• These guidelines apply to women with average risk and no history of abnormal results. Women with added risk factors, like a weakened immune system or a family history of cervical cancer, may require more frequent and closely monitored screenings.

Studies show that regular cervical screening can reduce deaths from cervical cancer by as much as 80%, highlighting its life-saving potential. That’s a powerful statistic, and a compelling reason to book an appointment if you haven't been screened in the last few years.

National and Regional Initiatives: Building a Cervical Cancer-Free India

India has stepped up its efforts in the fight against cervical cancer through both national policies and localized interventions:

• Government initiatives include free vaccination programs and the integration of cervical cancer screening in public health services.

• Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and Sikkim have taken the lead with successful pilot initiatives promoting HPV vaccination and cervical cancer awareness.

• Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as the Cancer Foundation of India and PATH are working to educate communities and provide accessible screening.

• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has set an ambitious goal: to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2030, in line with WHO’s global strategy.

The Challenges That Remain

While progress is evident, significant challenges still need to be addressed:

• Lack of awareness: Many women are still unaware of cervical cancer and its preventable nature.

• Social stigma: Conversations around sexual health and screenings are often avoided due to cultural barriers.

• Limited access in rural areas: Vaccination and screening infrastructure is still insufficient in many regions.

• Only about 30% of eligible women in India have ever undergone cervical cancer screening, highlighting the urgency of building a more inclusive and informed healthcare environment.

How You Can Take Action Tackling Cervical Cancer

While government initiatives and medical advancements are crucial, individual action plays a key role in the fight against cervical cancer. Each of us, whether a parent, young adult, or community member, can contribute to the collective mission of prevention and early detection.

Here's how you can take simple yet impactful steps starting today.

Get Vaccinated

The HPV vaccine is the first line of defense against cervical cancer. If you’re a parent, it's essential to consult your doctor about vaccinating your children, particularly daughters, between the ages of 9 and 14. This age group is considered ideal because the vaccine is most effective when administered before exposure to the HPV virus.

India’s launch of the affordable Cervavac vaccine has made HPV vaccination more accessible than ever. Don’t wait—reach out to your local healthcare provider or government health center to understand the schedule and availability in your area. The earlier the vaccination, the higher the protection.

Schedule a Screening

If you’re a woman aged 25 or older, it’s time to prioritize your own health. Regular Pap smear tests and HPV screenings are designed to catch cervical changes long before they become cancerous. These are not just tests, they are life-saving tools.

Unfortunately, many women skip these screenings due to a lack of awareness or fear. But remember, early detection is key. Cervical cancer, when caught early, is one of the most treatable forms of cancer. Make it a point to speak to your gynecologist about the appropriate screening schedule for you. you can download a healthcare app and schedule a hassle free screening anytime you want. Your health is non-negotiable.

Start the Conversation

Cervical cancer often carries a stigma that prevents open discussion. This silence can cost lives. Whether you're a healthcare professional, a teacher, a parent, or simply someone who cares, starting a conversation can create a ripple effect.

Talk to your family members, friends, and neighbors about the importance of HPV vaccination and regular checkups. Share reliable information through social media, community groups, or workplace wellness programs. The more we normalize these discussions, the easier it becomes for women to seek help without hesitation.

Every Action Counts

India’s goal to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030 is ambitious, but achievable. The key lies not only in national policies and medical interventions but also in grassroots awareness and individual responsibility. Whether it’s getting vaccinated, undergoing a screening, or simply educating others, your actions matter.

Wrapping Up

Cervical cancer is a serious but preventable disease. With the growing accessibility of HPV vaccination and the increasing emphasis on regular checkups, India is on the right track to eliminate it. However, it requires collective effort from the government, healthcare providers, and every individual.

Don’t wait for symptoms. Prevention starts now. Stay informed, stay proactive, keep a healthcare app in your mobile and encourage others to do the same.